When does a METAR observation get updated to reflect SPECI conditions?

The observation is updated to reflect SPECI conditions specifically in response to a significant weather change. This means that when the weather conditions at an observation site change markedly and meet certain criteria defined by the FAA or aviation authorities, a SPECI report is issued. This is essential for safety as it ensures that pilots and other users receive updated information about significant changes that could affect flight operations, such as an abrupt change in wind speed, visibility, or the occurrence of significant weather phenomena. The intent is to provide timely updates in critical situations, rather than waiting for a specific time interval or stability of conditions. This practice helps maintain a high level of situational awareness in aviation operations.